Oranizational development careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oranizational advancement vocations - Essay Example igning and building up the preparation programs over a wide assortment of arrangements including independently directed, teacher drove, and PC or electronic organizations, evaluating the viability of the preparation projects, and refreshing preparing projects and preparing materials (HR Jobs, 2009). Instructive capability of BA/BS or a propelled degree in any of the orders of drug store, training, instructional structure, HR, authoritative turn of events or some other related field. The experience necessity is three to five years, with inclination for involvement with instructional plan, advancement and usage of preparing programs and a level of drug store understanding. Sound association, arranging and task the executives aptitudes, solid abilities recorded as a hard copy, amazing relational abilities, demonstrated capacity for affecting others with the end goal of purchase in, a work style that is decisive and self-coordinated, and viable introduction aptitudes are the properties that are required for the activity. Experience perspectives that are an inclination in the activity necessities incorporate involvement in innovation based preparing arrangements and program execution in a multi-unit, geologically scattered association (HR Jobs, 2009). The activity of an OD venture pioneer depicts the need to lead through the human asset capacity of expanding the estimation of the human resource in the association, through the turn of events and execution of preparing programs which are basically focused for this association on the retail front level, however it is probably going to reach out to different territories of group improvement. The activity necessity calls for proper instruction level of BA/Bs or n propelled degree alongside a blend of understanding and a wide scope of qualities. This basic component of the activity originates from the difficulties that will be hurled in the execution of the activity obligations. OD venture pioneers will undoubtedly be required in associations that perceive the estimation of the human capital resource and look for intends to abuse

Brief the case of Holmes v. South Carolina, 547 U.S. 319 (2006) Coursework

Brief the instance of Holmes v. South Carolina, 547 U.S. 319 (2006) - Coursework Example Anyway Holmes denied the charges and admitted that the wrongdoing was submitted by an outsider named Jimmy Mc Caw White. Holmes was of the supposition that the police confined him in this wrongdoing. Litigant likewise delivers a few observers who asserted that the outsider was found in the premises of the wrongdoing scene during the long periods of wrongdoing. Holmes delivered a few observers to demonstrate that he was honest for this situation and was caught by the police. He likewise affirmed that the criminological outcomes were controlled by poor dealing with by the cop. Issue: Is Holmes blameworthy for the passing of the elderly people ladies in South Carolina? Any case so as to be supported requirements strong proof against the individual who is blameworthy. In addition there is contention from the litigant that police his attempting to outline him .Holmes proposed that The wrongdoing was submitted by an outsider and furthermore delivered observers for the equivalent. The main confirmation against Holmes was the palm print, fiber of apparel and DNA components found at the region and on casualty separately. .It was a well established reality that the cop taking care of the case managed proof assortment in a careless way. He gathered the examples with exposed hand and hereafter the outcomes were not trust commendable. The issue under the watchful eye of the court is that, on what premise they can demonstrate the liability of the respondent with respect to the wrongdoing. By what method can the court guarantee that Holmes carried out the wrongdoing on the ladies? Court reaches determination dependent on proof found at the wrongdoing scene .with respect to this case all the legal proof gave was temperamental because of the poor treatment of tests by the cop. Rule: According to government rule of proof, rule 702 is a key one. Cornell University of law(2010) states that â€Å"If logical, specialized, or other particular information will help the trier of truth to comprehend the proof or to decide a reality in issue, an observer qualified as a specialist by information, aptitude, experience, preparing, or instruction, may affirm thereto as a supposition or something else, if (1) the declaration depends on adequate realities or information, (2) the declaration is the result of solid standards and techniques, and (3) the observer has applied the standards and strategies dependably to the realities of the case†. Examination: The Federal standard of proof is critical here as the entire case is revolved around the legitimacy of the scientific proof found on the region and casualty. When a wrongdoing is submitted there ought to be solid proof against the litigant so as to sentence the respondent. Despite the fact that, the proof is discovered, its validness can't be set up because of the control of them by the cop. . The legal consequence of the wrongdoing scene was not true as the cop gathered the examples without utilizing gloves. This is illegal as tests are not acquired after the standards set somewhere near the common strategy. Since the dependability of the proof is truly sketchy, the court can't pass any request against Holmes which demonstrate him liable Conclusion: Since the U.S. Incomparable Court was not good about the validity of the measurable outcomes, there are no grounds to blame the litigant for the wrongdoing. Simultaneously the likelihood of the inclusion of the outsider was precluded based on proof found on the wrongdoing scene. At last it tends to be inferred that Holmes contribution in the assault and murder couldn't be set up because of absence of veritable proof. Work refered to Law School, Cornell University. (2010, December).

Happy Birthday to m-suck.

Happy Birthday to mâ€"-suck. In case you havent noticed, Im blogging less frequently now. There are at least two reasons behind this, one thats my choosing and the other thats just happenstance. The first reason youre seeing fewer entries is because Im no longer a freshman, meaning all of my admissions knowledge and experience is now a year outdated. Why listen to me every other day when, instead, you can listen to freshmen who are less jaded and less broken by MIT. Its like the difference between a tasty avocado* and an avocado thats getting a little ripe, its much better to eat the tasty avocado. *My roommate found a box of 50 avocados for $3 TOTAL in an open-air market the other day so now there are a lot of avocados in our kitchen. In turn, freshmen bloggers, I need your help. Please blog uberloads so that I can take time doing the second reason I dont blog as much: Im super hosed. Ok, so, hosed has lots of meanings, many of which arent that kosher. When I say hosed, Im referring to MITs lovely little saying Getting an education at MIT is like drinking from a fire hose. When drinking from said hose, one can be considered hosed. I am hosed. Like fire hose. In my face. Get the picture? Oh right, pictures. I always feel guilty putting up an entry with no pictures, so randomly interspersed throughout this post will be pictures that have nothing to do with the entry but that add color. Oh, and they happen to be stolen from an entry on my personal blog. And they also happen to be t-shirts I just bought. Anyway, hosed. Thats me. I spent ALL DAY yesterday working on 2.003 (Dynamics) and 2.005 (Thermal Fluids) and kinda sorta got stuff done on their respective PSETS (Problem sets, weekly homework assignments). Today is another one of those days, only with a break for blogging. So heres how PSETs normally work. Each class has a day when PSETs are due and thats generally the same day theyre passed out. That means you get one week to finish the PSET. One week, thats so much time! EASY! False. You see, you cant just do the PSET the day you get it because you havent learned any of the material that it covers, you have to go to lecture first. That means instead of a week, you actually get like, 3 days. And by three days I mean the night before. Until 2 or 3 AM. If youre a lightweight. Otherwise its like 4 or 5 AM. You get used to this and develop a routine, its part of MITs natural order of things. What really ****s things up is when theres an exam. Exams tend to just randomly appear in weird parts of the week and throw you all off balance. Kinda like taking a shape with a weird moment of inertia, applying an impulse to some weird knobby part of it, and sending it careening out of control. This coming week I have a test on Wednesday evening in 2.005 (Thermal Fluids). Uh-oh! I also have an evening class at the same time! As such, I am now scheduled to take a makeup exam EARLIER than the actual exam, Im guessing on Tuesday. Now, in an ideal world, there would be no PSET due the week of a test. Your professor would say something like Since we have a test on Wednesday night and since you normally turn in PSETs on Thursday morning, we wont make you turn one in this week and you can just concentrate on the test. Instead, what our professor said was Since we have a test on Wednesday night and since you normally turn in PSETs on Thursday morning, the next PSET is now due on Tuesday morning. You have two fewer days to get it done. suck. In 2.003, the opposite happened. Due to a student holiday, our PSET (which is normally due on Monday) is now due on Wednesday. That nice routine I had established in the beginning of the year, working all day Sunday on 2.003 and all day Monday and Wednesday on 2.005 is now something more like AAAAAHHHHHH!!!!! MUST DO ALL WORK THIS WEEKEND AND STUDY FOR TEST AND FINISH PROJECT AND AAAAAAAHHHHHHHH!!!!!! Project? Oh right, I forgot to tell you, remember that class that conflicts with the exam? Theres a project due during that lecture. Yay. So, laid out all organized-like, heres my schedule. Saturday Study study study, work work work Sunday Study study study, work work work Monday 2.003 Lecture, study study study, work work work, pistol Tuesday 2.005 PSET due Possible 2.005 Test Wednesday 2.003 PSET due Digital Poetry project due Thursday Have the Odyssey read Oh yeah, the Odyssey, forgot to mention that one. Need to finish that by Thursday. My weeks a mess, agreed? No? Heres a taste of what my 2.003 PSET looks like. 2.003 PSET, 200K PDF You find time to shove that into your schedule. And dont worry, that PSET is open source so Im allowed to post it. So, you know what the best part about all of this is? Guess whos birthday is right around the corner. Mine is! What day is my birthday on? Tuesday. Thats right, I have a PSET and test ON my birthday, a project and PSET the day AFTER my birthday, and have to finish a novel 2 days after my birthday. This is what my birthday party is going to be like. Happy Birthday Snively! Yay! Guys, can you keep it down, Ive got like 20 hours of work to do and only 3 hours to do it. But youre 20! Im also hosed! BE HAPPY! NO! Thats it. Coming soon on the blogosphere, my account of the Trojan Condom Comedy Tour that stopped by MIT the other night. Yes. Thats right. Funny condoms. Coming soon. To my blog. : ) Funny condom. Hehe.

Heathcliff a Victim of Villainry - 915 Words

Heathcliff: A Victim of Villainy In Wuthering Heights, we see tragedies follow one by one, most of which are focused around Heathcliff, the antihero of the novel. After the troubled childhood Heathcliff goes through, he becomes embittered towards the world and loses interest in everything but Catherine Earnshaw Ââ€"his childhood sweetheart whom he had instantly fallen in love with.Ââ€"and revenge upon anyone who had tried to keep them apart. The novel begins with a few short introduction chapters which Bronte had most likely used to illustrate how incompetent the character of Lockwood was, and to foreshadow what was to come in later chapters. After these, it begins to immediately demonstrate to the reader the plight of Heathcliffs†¦show more content†¦The same could not be said about Catherine herself. In Chapter 9, Catherine mentions how her love toward Heathcliff and that with Edgar was could not be so less alike: He [Heathcliff] is more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same. My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods. Time will change it, Im well aware, as winter changes the trees-my love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath-a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff-hes always, always in my mind-not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself-but, as my own being. Even though she claimed to love Heathcliff so totally and unquestionably, the fact remains that she did marry another man and birth his child. I believe that had Catherine not betrayed him so absolutely, Heathcliff could have forgave his tormentors and lived a happy life with the love of his life, without anyone else having to suffer. Heathcliff is not a villain, but he is not exactly a victim either. Like most aspects of the novel, Heathcliffs character is not just black or white. He is both a victim of the villainy h e experienced as a child, as well as a villain to his own victims. It

Financial positioning for a brand of clothing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2185 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This assignment is based on a financial position of a very good brand of clothing Gap Inc. in this assignment author want to tell that how company operates, what are the financial analyses? In this assignment every thing is given like companies cash flow, balance sheet from last four years and income statement as well. Author also want to tell that why company is going in loss from last four years? What are the accounts need to maintain and at last what we need to do to make profit or to cover up the loos. Introduction Gap Inc. is one of the worlds biggest especially retailers, operating approx 3,100 stores in the U.S.A, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Ireland and Japan. We operate four of the most recognized apparel brands in the world -Gap, banana republic, Old Navy, and our newest brand, Piper lime. Organization mission and vision   Gaps mission is stated as: Our purpose? Simply, to make it easy for you to express your personal style throughout your life.    There vision is: Every day, we look for new ways to connect with customers around the world, provide value to our shareholders and make a positive contribution in the communities where we do business.   Main Body Gaps world headquarters are located in San Francisco, product development offices in New York City and distribution operations and offices coordinating outsourcing activities are located throughout the globe. One of the original mottos of the company was Levis for Guys and Gals. The Gap began creating its own private label clothing in 1982 and had stopped carrying other labels altogether by 1991. The name came from the growing differences between children and adults, called the generation gap, which reached its peak with the hippie movement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial positioning for a brand of clothing" essay for you Create order Accounting has been defined as the process of identifying, measuring, recording and communicating economic information to permit informed judgements and economic decisions. The primary purpose of accounting is to help persons make economic decisions. In our society resources must be allocated among and within all kinds of entities. Accounting information provides the basis for making decisions about resource allocation. Accounting information is  financialHYPERLINK https://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_role_does_financial_accounting_play_in_decision_making  HYPERLINK https://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_role_does_financial_accounting_play_in_decision_makinginformation  about economic activities. All economic entities (e.g. businesses, government agencies, families, charitable entities) need such information because it is used for making economic decisions about those business entities. The finance department of a company generates a variety of  financial information  that is helpful in decision making, including: Profit and Loss accounts  providing details of whether the business is making efficient use of financial resources. Balance Sheet information providing details of businesses assets and liabilities, as well as the liquidity of the business. Sales and purchases information setting out particular types of trading and accounts with particular customers and suppliers. Information about the purchase of assets and liabilities. Information about the wages paid out by a business By providing a steady and up-to-date flow of information, a business is able to make appropriate decisions about: how to reduce costs how to increase sales how to raise profitability when to purchase new capital assets the best sources of finance, and duration etc MAIN USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION Owners The owner of a company is a term that only really applies with any meaning to small businesses where the only shareholders are the people at the top of the business, the owner manager. Owner is a slight misnomer because a company, if it is registered as a limited company, is an entity in its own right. The owner just becomes the custodian of it. The owner has strict reporting requirements on what they can do with the business and how they manage its finances. Owners, by the above definition, have an interest in almost all aspects of the company, its profit, sales, expenses, and so on. Shareholders Shareholders are the true owners of any registered business be it a limited company or a public limited company (plc). The shareholders provide one component of the capital needed to create the company and allow it to trade. Shareholders have rights over the finance of the company and, up to a point, the running of the business, although not on a day-to-day basis. Shareholders invest money into companies by buying shares. An investor buys shares, usually, for one of two reasons: Dividend The dividend is to a share what interest is to a loan, a periodic payment for the privilege of has use of the money loaned or invested. So for example if an investor purchases 10,000 1.00 pound shares they are investing 10,000 pounds in the company. In return for this investment they will periodically receive interest payments in the form of dividends. If the dividend is 8% they will receive 800 pounds (8% of 10,000 pounds) Capital growth The other reason for investing in a company is to give it the funds to allow it to grow and become bigger and more profitable. In the longer term this growth should make the initial investment worth more. Managers Managers have the responsibility of make the organisation perform and to achieve the goals it is set. In return they expect security and a monetary return in the form of a salary and whatever perks and performance related rewards that form part of their remuneration package. They have a much greater need for financial information because they are making detailed decisions on a daily basis. Government The government has many different arms and, as such many different needs. A register of all companies is maintained by Companies House. It is to this body that the formal accounts must be submitted every year. Investors Investors are shareholders before they part with their money. As such they are interested in all the things a shareholder is. Employees Employees are seeking security of employment and a return for the work they do. Employees would therefore be looking for indications that the company is doing well enough to continue to trade into the future and is doing well enough to continue to employ them and is able to meet the salary and wages bill each month. If there is any profit or performance related component to the remuneration they will also be interested in the company performance and how close it is to triggering the bonus payments. Customers Customers are the people or organisations that buy products or services from the company. If the customer is using the items purchased as a component of their own product, as a radio manufacturer might buy electronic components from a component manufacturer, continuity of supply and quality at a fair price will be important Mergers and Acquisitions ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Banana Republic-known for casual luxury, with high-quality apparel for men and women and sophisticated seasonal collections of accessories, shoes, personal care products, intimate apparel and gifts for the home. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Old Navy-famous for the best in denim, graphic tees, cargos, Performance Fleece, plus the Old Navy Item of the Week -each and every week, a special item at a special price. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Forth Towne-a unique shopping experience and destination for women. Forth Towne will offer fashionable apparel and accessories. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢In addition, Gap brands include baby Gap, Gap Kids and Gap Maternity. Industrial Organization Contestable Markets Gap began dominating the apparel market as a result of its ability to fill what it perceived as gaps before anyone else could enter. Economies of Scale As an early entrant, Gap was able to take advantage of economies of scale within the industry. Economies of Scope By expanding its market within the apparel industry, Gap was able to reduce its manufacturing costs. Product Differentiation Increased sales have resulted primarily from the Gaps ability to expand into specialty markets, i.e., B Banana Republic, Old Navy, baby Gap, etc. Vertical Integration- Although the Gap began by selling Levis exclusively, its ultimate growth and dominance began once it started to manufacture products under its own label. Vertical integration also allowed Gap to lower transaction costs and reduces supply threats created by Levis. Branding The Gaps multiple brands have become some of the most recognizable labels within the apparel industry. Types of Business Sole proprietors  are unincorporated businesses. They are also called independent contractors, consultants, or freelancers. There are no forms you need to fill out to start this type of business. The only thing you need to do is report your business income and expenses on your Form 1040 Schedule C. This is the easiest form of business to set up, and the easiest to dissolve. (An LLC with only a single shareholder, a so-called single-member LLC, is taxed as a sole proprietor on a Schedule C.) Corporations  are incorporated businesses. Every form of business besides the sole proprietor is considered a separate entity, and this often provides a measure of legal and financial protection for the shareholders. The shareholders of corporations have limited liability protection, and corporations have full discretion over the amount of profits they can distribute or retain. Corporations are presumed to be for-profit entities, and as such they can have an unlimited number of years with losses. Corporations must have at least one shareholder. Partnerships  are unincorporated businesses. Like corporations, partnerships are separate entities from the shareholders. Unlike corporations, partnerships must have at lease one General Partner who assumes unlimited liability for the business. Partnerships must have at least two shareholders. Partnerships distribute all profits and losses to their shareholders without regard for any profits retained by the business for cash flow purposes. https://taxes.about.com/od/taxplanning/a/incorporating_2.htm Financial accounting reports are prepared for the use of external parties such as shareholders and creditors, whereas managerial accounting reports are prepared for managers inside the organization. Emphasis on the Future: Since planning is such an important part of the managers job, managerial accounting has a strong future orientation. In contrast, financial accounting primarily provides summaries of past financial transactions. These summaries may be useful in planning, but only to a point. The future is not simply a reflection of what has happened in the past. Changes are constantly taking place in economic conditions, and so on. All of these changes demand that the managers planning be based in large part on estimates of what will happen rather than on summaries of what has already happened. Relevance of  Data: Financial accounting data are expected to be objective and verifiable. However, for internal use the manager wants information that is relevant even if it is not completely objective or verifiable. By relevant, we mean appropriate for the problem at hand. For example, it is difficult to verify estimated sales volumes for a proposed new store at good Vibrations, Inc., but this is exactly the type of information that is most useful to managers in their decision making. The managerial accounting information system should be flexible enough to provide whatever data are relevant for a particular decision. Segments of an Organization: Financial accounting is primarily concerned with reporting for the company as a whole. By contrast, managerial accounting forces much more on the parts, or segments, of a company. These segments may be product lines, sales territories divisions, departments, or any other categorizations of the companys activities that management finds useful. Financial accounting does require breakdowns of revenues and cost by major segments in external reports, but this is secondary emphasis. In managerial accounting segment reporting is the primary emphasis. Accounting is the means by which information about an enterprise is communicated and, thus, is sometimes called the language of business. Many different users have need for accounting information in order to make important decisions. These users include investors, creditors, management, governmental agencies, labour unions, and others. Because the primary role of accounting information is to provide useful information for decision-making purposes, it is sometimes referred to as a means to an end, with the end being the decision that is helped by the availability of accounting information. The primary objectives of financial accounting are to provide information that is useful in making investment and credit decisions; in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows; and in learning about the enterprises economic resources, claims to resources, and changes in claims to resources. Some of the most important characteristics of financial accounting information are it is a means to an end, it is historical in nature, it results from inexact and approximate measures of business activity, and it is based on a general-purpose assumption. Conclusion At the end of the assignment author would like to conclude that according to the data gross and net profit was going down but in the 2008 it was bit up. But if we will talk about the ration which we found at the first of the assignment that is going down because of the liabilities, liabilities are still there but cash is going down. Author would to recommend that by doing more advertisement, to reduce overhead expenses, to reduce the long time liabilities business can grow up.

Hamlet as Victim and Hero Essay - 1260 Words

Hamlet as Victim and Hero Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, a Shakespearean tragedy, tells the story of Prince Hamlet, who gained the knowledge of a terrible incident that his kingdom had suffered. Claudius, the king of Denmark and Hamlets uncle, had killed his own brother, the king, who was also the father of Hamlet, and married his brothers widow. Hamlet suffered these traumas to a severe degree, and his only relief was to defeat his human weaknesses and correct the wrongs created by his uncle. The soliloquy selected to describe the emotions of Hamlet, after discovering the evil doings of his uncle, is found within the lines one hundred twenty-nine to one hundred fifty-nine (Hamlet Prince 71). Hamlets first reaction†¦show more content†¦Hamlets Mouse Trap commented that suicide means death of the mind in symbolic unproductivity due to self-destructive tendencies (91). Hamlet, with his rapid and witty thoughts, could not become inactive in his mind. Hamlet showed disgust during the lines one hundred thirty-three through one hundred thirty-seven in which he questioned the purpose of the world (Hamlet Prince 71). He felt that the worlds only purpose was to raise weeds. Those weeds or the things that are rank and gross in nature, represented the wicked people of the world that were in power. It is evident throughout these lines that he has strong feelings of mistrust and hatred towards his uncle. It is undetermined if Hamlet ever thought that his mother was also a murderess who helped devise the plan to kill the king. Hamlets anger is justified, as his trust was lost in almost everyone that was close to him. Hamlet reconciles his mothers hasty actions after the death of his father in lines one hundred thirty-seven through one hundred fifty-seven (Hamlet Prince 71). He begins with, But not two months dead! --Nay, not so much, not two, which clearly shows disgust in the hastiness of the marriage between his mother and his uncle. His ideas and feelings jump around throughout this group of lines, which also demonstrates a nervous anger. He remembers how excellent a king his father was and how loving [he was] to [Hamlets] mother (HamletShow MoreRelatedIs Hamlet A Tragic Hero Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesTo be, or not to be: a hero. That is the question often asked of William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet: whether Hamlet II, Prince of Denmark, can be considered a hero. Throughout the play Hamlet proves himself to be a hero, although different from the usual sense of one. 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In conclusion, I believe that readers do not recognize the cham pion that Hamlet was, Hamlet is a victorious protagonist that avenged his father, and with his revenge, he created a legacy of his name that has lasted generations. What is victoryRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet991 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 10, 2014 APLA 12 - Hamlet Character Analysis William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, regarded as one his most famous plays, is based on the story of the Hamlet, the â€Å"Dark† Prince of Denmark. The protagonist, being Hamlet, is an extremely complex man with such a multi-dimensional personality that to this day, critics struggle to understand him. Each reader is left to decide his/her own interpretation of him — whether he is evil and insane, if he’s a tragic hero, or if he is a victim of circumstances beyondRead More Hamlet, why did he delay Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pageswriters. Of his works, Hamlet is perhaps the most studied and most interesting of the collected tragedies. 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Multiple Personality Disorders Essay Example For Students

Multiple Personality Disorders Essay Multiple Personality Disorders By Philip AushermanMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD) or Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) was first recognized in the 1700s but was not understood so therefore it was forgotten. Many cases show up in medical records through the years, but in 1905, Dr. Morton Prince wrote a book about MPD that is a foundation for the disorder. A few years after it was published Sigmund Freud dismissed the disorder and this dropped it from being discussed at any credible mental health meetings. Since then the disorder has been overlooked and misdiagnosed as either schizophrenia or psychosis. Many in the medical profession did not believe that a person could unknowingly have more than one personality or person inside one body, even after the 1950s Three Faces of Eve was published by two psychiatrist. In 1995, records showed that three to five thousand patients were being treated for MPD compared to the hundred cases reported ten years earlier. There is still as increa se in the number of cases being reported as the scientific community learns more and more about the disease and the public is becoming more and moreaware of this mental disorder. There are still many questions left unanswered about the disease, like Is it genetic? or Is a certain type of personality more vulnerable to the disorder? but many aspects of how people come by the disorder are already answered (Clark, 1993, p.17-19) MPD is commonly found in adults who were recurrently abused mentally, physically, emotionally, and/or sexually as young children, between birth to 8 years of age. The child uses a process called dissociation to remove him/herself from the abusive situation. Dissociation is when a child makes up an imaginary personality to take control of the mind and body while the child is being abused. The child can imagine many personalities but usually there is a personality for every feeling and or emotion that was involved during the abuse (BoyyM, 1998, p.1). As an adult, the abused child finds it hard to keep track of time and may have episodes of amnesia. Other symptoms that will appear in adults with MPD are depression, auditory and visual hallucinations (hearing voices) and suicidal thoughts. Another major symptom is when the adult has no recollection of their childhood. The adult with MPD has no idea they were abused as children and also unaware of the other personalities living inside of their head (Multiple Personality Disorder-fact sheet, 1996-99, p.1). Multiple Personality Disorder is when there is the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities, each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self(BoyyM, 1998, p.1). There can be anywhere from two to over a hundred different personalities. Usually each personality will fall into one of the following categories: core, host, protectors, internal self-helper, fragments, child members, preteen, teenager, adults, a rtistic/music, cross-gender, cross-colored, animal members, inanimate members (BoyyM, 1998, p. 2-3). The host personality is the person who is the multiple, this is the original personality, or the one that created the other personalities, but is unaware of them. The most common apparent identities are the child, persecutor, rescuer, and helper. The child is the identity that is under the age of twelve. They behave as children often sucking thumbs, twisting hair, like to eat cookies, throw tantrums, and use child-like vocabulary. The Persecutor identity is the self-destructive identity that is violent and angry. Persecutor identities usually have a drug/alcohol problem and generally put the host at risk. The rescuer personality is usually devoid of emotion but logical, able, proficient, and responsible. The helper personality knows the most about the history of the multiple; they generally want to help everyone for the general good. The helper personality is the personality that is most helpful in therapy because they usually know about all the other identities (Clark, 1993, p.80-83). Subpersonalities are not only part of a person with MPD but they are also evident in emotionally normal persons as well. Although, in a normal person, he/she remembers when their subpersonality takes over, but in a MPD patient, the personality disconnects from the host that the host can not remember what happens. When a traumatic experience happens, whether positive or negative, a subpersonality will develop. In a normal person, the splitting is broken into an ok self and a not ok self. In a multiple, the personalities are more defined; they are broken into smaller fragments that disassociate from the human host (Rowan, 1990, p. 7, 20). In the book by Terri A. Clark, M.D., it shows the distinct the personalities are in several cases. It also shows how each identity can be different from the other identities and the host. In one of Clarks cases, Veronica, one of the personalities of her patient Regina, showed up for the weekly appointment instead of Regina (note that it really was Regina, but she was a different identity). Clark noticed a change in the appearance of Regina on her arrival and noted the difference in her voice. Veronica (Regina) continued to speak to Clark as if it was the first time they had met. Although, Veronica knew about Clark, Reginas personal life, and therapy, this was the first time Clark had met this personality. Clark discovered while talking to Veronica that she had a separate business which she ran on the weekends, and when Veronica was in control of the body. Regina had no idea about the business; Veronica used the fake name and an Art Gallerys telephone number in which to run her business. Veronica even had a different handwriting than Regina. According to Clark, each personality has its own distinct features, such as handwriting, fashion taste, hobbies, and culinary taste. In most cases, there will always be personality that w rites with their left hand, while the host and other identities write with their right. In Reginas case, Veronica wore different clothes than Regina and she had an interest in fine art. Each personality of a host, when asked, will tell you they have a certain type of hair color and cut, height, weight, and even gender (Clark, 1993, p. 73-78). The problem with having all these personalities is that they do not mesh well. Consequences can arise from having so many different traits inside one body like eating and sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (Smith, 1993, p.1). Each alter also has their own name, these names can come from anything but there are three common factors that influence the alters name. Some alters are just born with the name, this is when the alter is modeled after a real or fictional character. Some alters are named after emotional responses, such as Sad One or Angry Janie. Many alters are named for the specific job they are supposed to do, like Director, Helper or Avenger. The names chosen have been created by a child so they are most likely modeled after a fictional or real character. Although the host will have no idea of the other personalities and will not respond to the names at first, the alters respond to the birth personalities name (Clark, 1993, 90-91). The circumstances that the identities get the host into can also become a problem. The different alters while in possession of the body can go somewhere where the host does not know and then leave and the host is left with no idea how he/she got there and how to get back. In Sybil, one of the first times she realized she had a problem was when she had to leave her Columbia University Chemistry Lab when something broke. The last thing she remembered was standing at the elevator but when she regained consciousness she was in the warehouse district of Philadelphia. Miles from where she had been before in New York and it was five days later (Schreiber, 1973, p. 23-36) . The persecutor identity has a tendency to leave the host in dangerous situations. Carla, one of Clarks patients, had a persecutor alter named Godiva. Godiva was always putting Carla in sticky situations like Godiva would pick up men at bars and bring them home or go home with them. Carla would come to consciousness with an unknown man in her bed and she would pass out, another alter would have to come out and rescue Carla. CJ (Carlas big burly male alter) would come out punch the guy and leave. Christine (Carlas logical alter) would come out and handle the situation using her negotiation skills. At other times Timmy (the young boy who was an escape artist) would come out talk his way out of the situation, leaving the man so bewildered because he was with a woman who thought she was a young boy. When this occurred it would leave the other alters upset at Godiva (Clark, 1993, p.99). There are three different types of relationships that alters can have between each other. The first o ne is, one-way amnesia, this is when alter number one knows about alter number two but alter number two does not know about number one. The second relationship is two-way amnesia exist when neither alter know about each other(Clark, 1993, p. 87). Cognizance, the third relationship, is when all the alters know about each other but the host personality knows about none of them. The host will hear conversations in his/her head, these conversations are between the alters. This is when the alters know the host personality but is unable to affect it as long as the host is in control (Clark, 1993, p. 87-88). The cause of MPD is severe trauma, most of the trauma happens at a young age and the violator is usually someone who the child knows. In satanic cults, children mistreated and abused, to intentionally cause MPD, do not know everyone who is involved in the abuse. Examples given by Clark are children put in a coffin with rats, snakes, and bugs then buried alive. Later the satanic cult le ader or priest will rescue the child therefore making the child feel obligated to that person. In satanic cults, children are also raped. During the rape, men and women would violate the child they would also violate the child with objects such as a knife, an upside down crucifix, and other objects (Clark, 1993, 181-198). The child gets to the point where they think they are going to die, and they disassociate themselves from the situation, this is when the personalities are born. Other types of abuse are emotional and psychological abuse by a parent. One of Clarks patients remembered under hypnosis a time when she was two. Her mother took her outside put her in a tree and told her to jump, the child after a slight hesitation did so, and the mother stepped back, watched the child fall to the ground, and laughed. These traumatic events and others are the cause of MPD (Clark, 1993, 105-106). No matter how bad the abuse was and how many different personalities are present; a MPD patien t can be cured. The process to recovery for a MPD patient is long and hard. The personalities are not being made to disappear but to become one. There has to be a fusion of all the alters into the host, the host has to learn to express all the emotions, that for so long, another alter would take care of for them. Although some MPD patients are harder than others to fuse, but all patients can be cured. Patients that were subject to Satanic Ritual Abuse are more difficult to fuse due to the threats that the cult made or are making on their lives. A patient that was in a cult must have lost all contact with the cult before successful fusion can take place. When fusion is successfully accomplished, the host person can handle their emotions as where before fusion they were unaware of many common emotions (Clark, 1993, 208-213). Research is continuing to be done on this disorder. Many people still doubt the realism of the disorder, especially as more people fake the disorder to get out of judicial problems. About 1% of Americas population has MPD, but many are scared to see Psychiatrist, and many fake the disorder (Smith, 1993, p. 1). As awareness for the disease is becoming more prevalent, more patients are discovering after years of misdiagnosis, they finally can start the right kind of therapy. Multiple Personality Disorder is not a disease or mental illness, it is a disorder caused by traumatic events in early childhood. MPD is treatable and a MPD patient can hope to one day live a normal life with every part of his/her personality fused into one. A MPD patient is not something to be afraid of as where they usually just inflict pain upon themselves and not on others. MPD patients can be your next door neighbor, parent, and even spouse. They do not seem that different from normal people, and many do not even know they have the disorder. Awareness is the key, not only awareness of MPD but of child abuse, if child abuse is stopped MPD will not be a problem. Multipl e Personality Disorder is often brushed aside by Christians who think that MPD is demon possession, but MPD and demon possession differentiate in many ways. MPD although it can be caused by satanic ritual abuse is not evil, it is a process of the mind. Possession on the other hand, is when a body is taken over by an evil spirit. It is the physical body that the demon has control over not the mind. In MPD the only part affected is the mind, the body is not changed and does not convulse as it does in possession. In Ephesians 6:12(NIV) it is written, For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against rulers, against authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms. Demon possession is the fight against the flesh MPD is the fight against the mind. I do not believe that MPD is demon possession, I do believe that they are more susceptible to it if they have been involved in a satanic cult. MPD patients are gifted, smart individuals who suffered greatly as children and they used their only defense their imaginations to alleviate the pain. Our Hearts Grow Tender with Childhood Memories EssayIn conclusion I believe that anyone that believes they have MPD should seek help to bring out the feelings that are causing these split personalities to work against eachother and to join eachother and work together. EMDR is a new technic that is being tested and it causes you to bring out represt memories and to express and discuss the situations that you were put in. Psychology Essays